{"id":32208,"date":"2022-07-29T17:30:01","date_gmt":"2022-07-29T22:30:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.casino.org\/blog\/?p=32208"},"modified":"2023-03-23T08:55:31","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T13:55:31","slug":"esabong-rise-and-fall","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.casino.org\/blog\/esabong-rise-and-fall\/","title":{"rendered":"E-Sabong: The Rise And Fall Of The Deadly Betting Craze In The Philippines"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>It was a pandemic-era betting craze that contributed enormously to the Philippine economy throughout COVID-19. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But e-sabong &#8211; where players watch and bet on cockfighting via online platforms &#8211; came at an enormous cost to the country\u2019s citizens.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At\nthe height of the e-sabong craze, levels of crime rose drastically, with all\nmembers of society &#8211; including police officers &#8211; looking for a means of paying\noff their rapidly accumulating debts. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Robberies,\nabductions, and even suspected murders were all reported as occurring because\nof the widespread addiction to e-sabong.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite these terrible social impacts, e-sabong\u2019s rise was rapid, and its fall excruciatingly slow. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This being thanks to high-flying gambling tycoons, immense government tax profits, and a President who failed to see e-sabong\u2019s social impact until it was almost too late.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even\nnow, with a new government in power and e-sabong banned, the effects of the\nbetting craze are still being felt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Families\nare torn apart, debt remains unpaid, and there are many who fear &#8211; and a few\nwho hope &#8211; that this deadly betting craze may return to the Philippines before\ntoo long.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-normal-old-sport\"><strong>New\nNormal, Old Sport<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the first written records of a cockfight appearing in the Philippines comes from an Italian explorer called Antonio Pigafetta who wrote about fights he watched in Butuan City between <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/pdf\/43822919.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A6c58b61c4cb5551dd00e8932d3469820&amp;ab_segments=&amp;origin=&amp;acceptTC=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">1519 &#8211; 1522<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cockfighting\n&#8211; known as sabong &#8211; is thought to have been common before this time, and has\ndefinitely remained popular since. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nfact, many believe that it was cockfighting that inspired a wider gambling\nculture to take root in the Philippines.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This gambling has taken a number of forms in the modern day, with the traditional games of chance, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.casino.org\/blog\/lottery-odds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">lotteries<\/a>, sweepstakes and number games all being controlled by the Philippine government through various agencies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These\nagencies have mainly catered to international gambling tourists, the majority\nof which come from China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aside\nfrom visiting the Philippines&#8217; four integrated resorts, Chinese and other\ninternational gamblers are increasingly turning to Philippine offshore gambling\noperators (known as POGOs). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These POGOs are known for offering foreign-only online betting, which has proved immensely popular.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.casino.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/pogos.jpeg\" alt=\"Philippine offshore gambling operators - POGOs\" class=\"wp-image-32219\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>A Philippine Offshore Gaming Operator website. [Image: Rappler via Casino.org News)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately,\nthis reliance on international bettors saw the\nPhilippines\u2019 gambling industry suffer terribly when travel restrictions were\nput in place to combat COVID-19. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One government\nagency, the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR), claimed to be\nlosing P5-6 billion (approximately $88.5-106 million) per month throughout this\ntime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course, the Coronavirus not only forced the Philippines to close its borders but also to restrict the movement and gathering of its citizens. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This led to the banning of numerous cultural, sporting, and gambling events &#8211; including cockfighting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nan effort to support the gambling industry through this difficult time the\nPhilippine government made online gambling available to the country\u2019s populace.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many\nof these players naturally gravitated to e-sabong as it provided both a means\nof gambling and a form of culturally important entertainment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\n24\/7 availability of e-sabong went hand-in-hand with its accessibility, with\nindividuals only needing a smart device to play.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When combined with a low minimum bet threshold of <a href=\"https:\/\/newsinfo.inquirer.net\/1569531\/duterte-yes-to-e-sabong-no-to-24-7-gambling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">P100<\/a> (approximately $1.78), and no need to spend time traveling to a physical fighting pit, large numbers of the Philippine public soon became addicted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In December 2021, those in the industry estimated there to be over 5 million e-sabong players.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.casino.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/e-sabong.jpeg\" alt=\"E-sabong\" class=\"wp-image-32218\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>E-sabong. [Image: CNN Philippines]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-social-costs-of-e-sabong\"><strong>The\nSocial Costs Of E-Sabong<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A study on e-sabong published during the pandemic found that half of e-sabong players gambled on the game between 3-5 hours per day.<br> <br> Such widespread gambling addiction soon caused a number of social problems, nearly all of them motivated by money.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many\nindividuals rapidly fell into debt, selling all their possessions to fuel their\naddiction or turning to crime in order to pay off the debts. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reports throughout this time included robberies committed by indebted police corporals and a mother so desperate she allegedly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.casino.org\/news\/police-find-baby-sold-by-philippine-mother-to-pay-e-sabong-debt-make-arrests\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"sold her child (opens in a new tab)\">sold her child<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">JUST IN: The NBI Human Trafficking Division has rescued baby \u201cMiracle\u201d.  The 9month old baby who was sold by her mom because of e-sabong debts. Details to follow. | via <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Nikobaua?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Nikobaua<\/a> <br><br>Related report: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/htIvaqulvZ\">https:\/\/t.co\/htIvaqulvZ<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/Bga0BSSipl\">pic.twitter.com\/Bga0BSSipl<\/a><\/p>&mdash; ABS-CBN News (@ABSCBNNews) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ABSCBNNews\/status\/1506193984049524740?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 22, 2022<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>However,\nit was not just those losing money that were committing crimes. Numerous\naccusations of match fixing schemes were made against fowl handlers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Several\nof these disputes escalated into violence with 34 individuals tied to fixing\nschemes being abducted since May 2021. These individuals have yet to be\naccounted for and are presumed dead.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atong Ang, a gambling tycoon who owns several cockfighting pits and claims to have accounted for 95% of e-sabong fights, has been linked to a number of these disappearances. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He denies any wrongdoing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-pressure-mounts-on-the-president\"><strong>Pressure\nMounts On The President<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Rodrigo Duterte was President of the Philippines throughout both the rise and fall of e-sabong.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"802\" src=\"https:\/\/www.casino.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/president-rodrigo-duterte.jpeg\" alt=\"Former-President Rodrigo Duterte\" class=\"wp-image-32217\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Former-President Rodrigo Duterte. [Image: PICRYL]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Duterte long defended e-sabong, stating in a <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rappler.com\/nation\/duterte-justifies-not-halting-e-sabong-march-2022\/\" target=\"_blank\">public address<\/a> that the P640 million (approximately $11.34 million) the government made in monthly taxes on the pastime was absolutely vital for the country.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI\ndid not stop it because the government needs the money from e-sabong. I make it\npublic now, its 640 million [pesos] a month. In years\u2019 time, it\u2019s billions\nplus. Where do we get that money that easy?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Duterte\nclaimed this money was being used to plug the economic gaps inflicted by\nCOVID-19 as well as helping to provide universal healthcare, improve\ninfrastructure and boost education.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One\nsuch claim he made was that P100 million of e-sabong profits was being given to\nthe Philippine general hospital each month to support its operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore,\nDuterte seemed to fear that the government banning e-sabong would only drive\nthe sport underground where it would be impossible to tax or regulate, handing\nall the money and control to gangs and criminals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However,\nDuterte\u2019s position on e-sabong became untenable after a report by the\nDepartment of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) examined the social\neffects of e-sabong.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nonline survey ran from April 19 to April 20, 2022, with 62% of respondents\nwanting the government to ban e-sabong completely.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\nfurther 34% stated the practice needed tighter regulation, whilst a meagre 4%\nsupported e-sabong as it was. This information was delivered to the President\nby interior secretary Eduardo A\u00f1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-ban\"><strong>The\nBan <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Duterte\nofficially banned e-sabong on May 3, 2022. All licensed operators were\nimmediately ordered to stop taking bets and begin shutting down websites.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\ngovernment also instructed banks and financial institutions to stop processing\npayments linked to e-sabong, and gave bettors 30 days to remove all money from\ntheir e-sabong betting accounts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nban was seen to have been caused by the DILG\u2019s report which highlighted how\ne-sabong had caused a spree of abductions, widespread crippling debt, and\nnumerous other social issues.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During\na statement Duterte repeated how his only goal in defending e-sabong had been\nto raise money for the country\u2019s needs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe\nare only after the tax collection, but after the stories I\u2019ve heard, it was\nvery loud and clear to me that it was working against our values. It is\nimpacting people and their families.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\nwasn\u2019t until a month later, in mid-June, that Duterte formally apologized for\nhis prolonged defense of e-sabong, admitting that he only realized the negative\nimpacts of it \u201cvery late\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\ncouple of weeks later Duterte stood down as President having reached his term\nlimit.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nthe following elections, Duterte\u2019s daughter Sara was elected to be the\nfifteenth Vice-President of the Philippines, serving under President Ferdinand\n\u201cBongbong\u201d Marcos Jr., the son of a previous dictator.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marcos\nJr. expressed his dislike of e-sabong long before Duterte banned it and has\ndone little to reverse the ban since his inauguration.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However,\nillegal e-sabong is rife, and government attempts to control the spread of\nillegal online betting sites is not being helped by Facebook\u2019s reluctance to\nblock e-sabong pages, despite continued government requests.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sabong-continues-on\"><strong>Sabong Continues On<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"799\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.casino.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sabong-cockfighting.jpg\" alt=\"Sabong or cockfighting \" class=\"wp-image-32213\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Image: Adam Cohn\/Flickr<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Cockfighting itself is still a legal, popular and culturally important sport in the Philippines, one that is worth approximately <a href=\"https:\/\/www.casino.org\/news\/philippines-moves-to-tax-e-sabong-online-cockfighting-betting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">$1 billion<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However,\nthe sport is only permitted during Sundays, national holidays, and town\nfestivals, meaning opportunities to gamble and become addicted are much more\nlimited than when compared to the 24\/7 nature of e-sabong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This importance of cockfighting in the Philippines is highlighted in the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/lawphil.net\/statutes\/presdecs\/pd1974\/pd_449_1974.html\" target=\"_blank\">1974 Cockfighting Law<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It labels cockfighting as \u201ca popular, traditional, and customary form of recreation and entertainment among Filipinos\u201d and one that should be used as \u201ca vehicle for the preservation and perpetuation of native Filipino heritage and, thereby, enhance our national identity.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nsport is also seen as an important leveler in Filipino society, with all\nclasses and professions taking an interest in it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore,\ncockfighting is frequently touted as a metaphor for life in the Philippines,\nwith only the fittest surviving and thriving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Philippine cockfighting calendar culminates in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldslashercup.ph\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">World Slasher Cup<\/a>, a competition which is likened to the cockfighting Olympics.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This\nevent takes place over seven days in the Araneta Coliseum, the same venue which\nhosted Muhammed Ali and Joe Frazier\u2019s famous boxing match \u201cThrilla in Manilla\u201d.\nBreeders come from all over the world to compete.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"639\" src=\"https:\/\/www.casino.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Smart-Araneta-Coliseum-.jpeg\" alt=\"Smart Araneta Coliseum\" class=\"wp-image-32216\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Image: Smart Araneta Coliseum<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This is not to say that cockfighting is universally popular. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indeed,\nthe sport is banned in most countries with many animal rights groups labeling\nthe sport as barbaric.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Outside\nof competitions, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has also\nreported instances of breeders mutilating their animals and injecting them with\nperformance enhancing drugs such as steroids.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cockfighting can also pose a danger to human life as tragically exemplified by the death of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/cockfighting-police-officer-killed-blade-philippines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">Filipino police officer<\/a> who had their femoral artery cut by a rooster when breaking up an illegal cockfight.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-e-sabong-gone-for-good\"><strong>E-Sabong,\nGone For Good?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/www.casino.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/rodrigo-duterte-sara-duterte.jpeg\" alt=\"Rodrigo Duterte and his daughter Sara Duterte.\" class=\"wp-image-32215\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Rodrigo Duterte and his daughter Sara Duterte. [Image: CNN]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Whilst\nthere has been little mention of e-sabong since the election of the\nPhilippines\u2019 new government, there are many who suggest it will be hard for\nthem to fully turn their back on such a certified money maker.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In an interview with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.philstar.com\/business\/2022\/05\/30\/2184591\/e-sabong-set-make-comeback\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">Philstar<\/a>, Atong Ang made it abundantly clear that he expects e-sabong to return to the Philippines.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whilst\nthis may not occur under Ferdinand Marcos Jr, Sara Duterte previously\nchampioned the betting practice during her time as mayor of Davao City.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This, along with her father\u2019s reluctance to ban the sport in the first place, has led many to believe that if she runs for and wins the presidency in the future, the Philippines may see the return of this lucrative and deadly betting craze.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Lead image: Adam Cohn\/Flickr<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It was a pandemic-era betting craze that contributed enormously to the Philippine economy throughout COVID-19. But e-sabong &#8211; where players&nbsp;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":69,"featured_media":32214,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>E-Sabong: The Rise And Fall Of The Betting Craze In The Philippines<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about why e-sabong exploded in popularity in the Philippines, as well as its negative impact on society from addiction to abductions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.casino.org\/blog\/esabong-rise-and-fall\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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